tUtha;j;Jiwapd; tuyhW
kdpjd; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;Fk;tiu mtdpd; md;whlg; gzpfspy; cjtp tUtJ tUtha;j;Jiw MFk;. njhlf;fj;jpy; kf;fis tpul;b t#y; gzpapy;
kdpj ehfhpfk;!
vy;yhj; JiwfSf;Fk; Kd; Njhd;wpa> ghuk;ghpakpf;f jha;j;Jiw tUtha;j;JiwahFk;. kdpj ehfhpfk; tuyhW Fwpj;j Ma;tpy;> nkhfQ;rjhNuh> `ug;gh Mfpa ,lq;fspy; fpilf;fg;ngw;w mfo;thuha;r;rpfspy; kf;fSila tho;f;ifj;juk; mth;fSila gof;ftof;fq;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; eph;thf eilKiwfs; kpfTk; rpwg;ghf nray;gl;L te;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ntjfhyk;!
Guhz fhyq;fspNyNa> up;f; Ntj fhyfl;lj;jpy; rkpjp> rgh vd;w mbg;gilapy; eph;thfg;gupghydk; nray;gl;L te;jjhfTk; kf;fisg; ghJfhf;ff; $ba mikg;Gf;F Nrid vd;Wk; mjw;F fpuhkq;fspy; jiyth; fpuhkzp vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;Lte;Js;sdh;.
,jpfhr fhyk;!
,uhkhaz> kfhguhj fhyfl;lj;jpy; mikr;rh;fs; MNyhrfh;fshf murUf;F nray;gl;L te;Js;sdh;. mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; tpisr;rypy; 5-y; 1 gq;fpid tupahfr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w eilKiw mkypy; ,Ue;Jte;Js;sJ.
Gj;ju; fhyj;jpy; rgh vd;w mikg;gpd; jiytuhf muru;fs; nray;gl;L te;Js;sdh;. mtu;fSila nray;ghLfs; rghTf;F fl;Lg;gl;ljhFk;. muru;fSila gjtpf;fhyk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhytiuaiwf;F cl;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jJs;sJ. muru;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLgtu;fshf ,Ue;Js;sdh;.
fTby;ahpd; mu;j;j rh];jpuk; vd;w E}ypy;> muru;fs; gy;NtWtifg;gl;l gzpfisr; nra;tjw;F mjpfhupfis epakpj;Js;sdh;. mjpfhupfis epakpf;fTk; ePf;fTk; murUf;F mjpfhuk; cz;L. murupd; MSiff;Fl;gl;l gFjpfs; epu;thf trjp fUjp gy gpupTfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;ld. jiyikaplk; murupd; Neub MSiff;Fl;gl;ljhfTk; ,ju gFjpfspy; muruhy;; epakpf;fg;gl;l MSeu;fspd; gupghydj;jpYk; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. eph;thf trjpf;fhf khfhzq;fshfTk;> khtl;lq;fshfTk; gpupf;fg;gl;L nghJeph;thfk; tUtha; t#y;> rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;Fg;gzpfs; ghu;f;fg;gl;L te;Js;sd. khtl;;lq;fs; gl;lhthup fpuhkq;fshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;L Nyhf;ghy;/ fu;zk; Kd;rPg;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ.
nksupah;fs; Ml;rpapy; efu gupghydk; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; nray;gl;L te;Js;sJ. efuq;fs; thu;Lfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;L gupghydk; nra;ag;gl;L te;Js;sJ.
,uh[Gj;jpu;fs; fhyj;jpy; mtu;fSf;Fs; Vw;gl;l rz;il rr;ruTfshy; nkhfyhah; rhk;uh[;ak; ,e;jpahtpy; cUthdJ.
tUtha;j;Jiwapd; Njhw;wk;!
nkhfyhau; rhk;uh[;aj;jpy; epu;thfk; vl;Lg; gpupTfshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;L tUtha;j;Jiw> rl;lk;> ,uhZtk;> rkak;> gilf;fyq;fs;> jfty; gupkhw;wk; vdr; nray;gl;L te;jd. Xt;nthU JiwAk; muruhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l mjpfhupapd; jiyikapy; ,aq;fpte;jd.
fpuhkrig!
tUtha;j;Jiwapd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; fpuhk rigfs; ,aq;fpte;jd. epyk; nghJthf ,.Ue;Jte;jJ. Mz;L tpisr;rypy; Mwpy; xU gq;if fpuhk rigNa murpd; fsQ;rpaj;jpw;F nfhz;Lngha; Nrh;j;jJ. ,e;j rigapd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; me;j fpuhkj;jpd; nghJthd gzpfis ftdpf;f gj;Jf;Fk; Fiwahj Copah;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. ,th;fspd; FLk;gq;fis fpuhkrigNa nghWg;Ngw;Wf;nfhz;L fpuhk cw;gj;jpapy; xUgq;if Cjpakhf mspj;Jte;jJ. cghp tpisr;ry;> Njit Vw;gLk; fpuhkq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;L mth;fsplkpUe;J gz;lkhw;Wk; Kiwapy; nghUl;fs; ngwg;gl;Lte;jd.
,e;jpah KOtJk; gy gpupTfshf ,e;J kw;Wk; nkhfyha kd;du;fshy; Msg;gl;L te;jJ. nts;isah;fs;> gpuQ;Rf;fhuu;;fs;> lr;Rf;fhu;fs; ,e;j ehl;by; tpahghu epkpj;jk; Eioe;jdu;. ,e;jpa kd;du;fspd;; mDkjpNahL nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;J tpahghuk; nra;jdu;. Fwpg;ghf nts;isau;fs; gpup;l;ldpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdp %yk; tpahghuk; Gupe;J te;jdu;.
Mq;fpNyah;fspd; eph;thfKiw!
fp.gp.1757-y; Vw;gl;l Kjy; gpshrpg;Nghupy; uhgu;l; fpist; tq;fhsj;ijg; ngw;whh;. ,jd; gpd;dh;> nly;yp ghJ\h> 1765-y; tq;fk;> gPfhu; kw;Wk; xuprh Mfpa khepyq;fspy; tupt#y; nra;Ak; mjpfhuj;ij gpupl;b\hUf;F toq;fpdhu;fs;. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjypy; epiyahd epytupj;jpl;lj;ij yhu;L fhud;thyp]; 1793-y; Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. ,d;iwf;F tUtha;Jiwapy; cs;s epytup kw;Wk; fpuhk> jhYf;fh fzf;Ffs; Njhd;Wtjw;F mbg;gilahf mike;jJ.
fp.gp 1763-ypUe;J fp.gp. 1782tiu Nk[u; nud;dy>; ru;Ntau; n[duy; Mg; ngq;fhy; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; Kjd;Kjypy; jPu;f;f Nuif ml;rNuif mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> epyj;jpid rq;fpypapd; %ykhf msf;Fk; Kiwapd;gb tl ,e;jpahtpy; epyq;fs; ru;Nt nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. fp.gp. 1782-y; nfhy;fj;jhtpypUe;J nkl;uh]; tiuapYs;s flw;fiug;gFjp mstPl;Lg; gzp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mq;fpNyau; eph;thf Kiwjhd; jw;rkak; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s epu;thf eilKiwahFk;.. fp.gp. 1772-y; ngupa mstpy; cs;s khtl;lq;fis epu;thfk; nra;a khtl;l Ml;rpau;fs>; md;iwa Mq;fpNya Mseuhy; thud;N`];;bq; mth;fshy; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;. gpd;dh; te;j Mq;fpNya MSeh; fhud;thyp]; thpt#y; nra;a ,Ugjpw;Fk Fiwahj fpuhkq;fis xU jdpg;gl;l eghplk; toq;fp mth;fis [kPd;jhh;fs; vd;W mwptpj;jhh;. t#ypy; 11 gq;fpy; xUgq;F [kPd;jhUf;F Cjpakhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.
tUtha;j;Jiw eph;thf mikg;G!
fp.gp.1786-y; fpof;fpe;jpa fk;ngdp midj;J khtl;;lq;fSf;Fk; khtl;l Ml;rpau;fis epakdk; nra;a cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ> khtl;l Ml;rpau;fs; epytupt#y;> rptpy; jhthf;fSf;fhd jPu;T> Fw;wtpay; eLtu;fshfTk; kw;Wk; ,jug;gzpfisf; fz;fhzpg;gtu;fshfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;.
20.06.1786-y; tUtha; thupak; (Nghu;L Mg; nutd;A+) Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thupaj;jpw;F ftu;du; jiytuhfr; nray;gl;L te;Js;shh;.
khtl;l fnyf;lh; jiyikapy; rg; fnyf;lh;> c#u; rpu];jjhh;> rg;btprd; rpu];jjhh;> n`l;fpshu;f;> fpshu;f;FfSk; jhYf;fh mYtyfj;jpy; jhrpy;jhu;> nlGl;b jhrpy;jhu;> nutd;A+ ,d;];ngf;lu;> ru;td;l;]; MfpNahUld; khtl;l tl;l epu;thfq;fs; nray;gl;L te;jd.
tUtha; fpuhk epu;thfk;> 12 fpuhk ru;td;l;]; %ykhf eilngw;Ws;sJ. 1. n`l;Nkd;> 2. fu;zk; my;yJ mf;fTz;ld;l;> 3. n\uhg; my;yJ Nehl;l`h;> 4. ePu;fz;b> 5. Njhl;b (m) jiyahup> 6. ghl;lu>; 7. ];kpj>; 8. [_ty;yu; > 9. fhh;ngz;lh; >10.;ghu;gu;> 11. th\h;Nkd;> 12. m];l;uhy[h;.
fpuhk n`l;Nkd; gy ngau;fspy; miof;fg;gl;ldh;. ,th;fs; tupt#y; nra;tJk; Fw;wtof;Ffspy; jz;lid toq;fTk; ,tu;fSf;F mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. fpuhk n`l;Nkd; vd;gtu; epiwa epyGyd;fs; cilatuhf ,Ue;Js;shu;.
jhrpy;jhu;fs; rkhge;jp fzf;Ffis fnyf;lu;fSf;Fk;> fnyf;lu;fs; midj;Jf; fzf;FfisAk; tUtha; thupaj;jpw;Fk; mf;fTz;ld;l; n[duYf;Fk; toq;fp te;Js;sdh;.
fp.gp. 1829-y; khtl;l Ml;rpau;fSila nray;ghLfis Nkyha;T nra;tjw;fhf Mizau;fs; Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs;.
fp.gp. 1858-k; Mz;L ,e;jpa muR rl;lj;jpd;gb fk;ngdp Ml;rp KbTf;F tUfpwJ. rl;lk; 1861-d;gb epu;thfj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba jhkjq;fisj; jtpu;f;f gy;NtW Jiwfs; gpupf;fg;gl;L nray;gl;L te;Js;sJ.
fp.gp. 1879-k; Mz;L epyj;jpDila jd;ik> tpisr;ry; Nghd;witfspd; mbg;gilapy; epyj;jpd; kjpg;G epu;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. GQ;ir epyq;fs; ,uz;L tiffshfTk;> eQ;ir epyq;fs; ehd;F tiffshfTk; (fpNuL) gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fp.gp. 1884-k; Mz;Ltiuapy; 1>00>631 rJu iky;fs; mstPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 21>315 fpuhk tiuglq;fSk;> 121 jhYf;fh tiuglq;fSk;> 7 khtl;l tiuglq;fSk; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd.
fp.gp. 1882-k; Mz;L cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs; nray;gLtjw;fhd jpl;lk; upg;gd; gpuGthy; eilKiwf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. fp.gp.1909-y; khh;yp kpz;Nlh rPu;jpUj;jk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L rl;l kd;w Nkyitfs; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rp;f; fhyj;jpy; tUtha;j;JiwapNyNa n[apy;Jiw> nghJg;gzpj;Jiw> fUT+yj;Jiw> gj;jpug; gjpTj;Jiw vdg; gy Jiwfs; mlq;fpapUe;jd.
fp.gp. 1947-y; ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; mile;jNghJ nrd;id khfhzj;jpy; nkhj;jk; 24 ngupa khtl;lq;fs; mlq;fpapUe;jd.
fp.gp.1956-y; nkhopthup khepyq;fs; vd jdpj;jdpahf gpupe;jNghJ> nkhj;jk; 13 khtl;lq;fs; nrd;id khfhzj;jpy; mlq;fpapUe;jd. mitfs;
1. nkl;uh];
2. nrq;fy;gl;L
3. tl Mw;fhL
4. njd;dhw;fhL
5. Nryk;
6. Nfhak;Gj;J}h;
7. ePyfpup
8. kJiu
9. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp
10. jQ;rhT+u;
11. ,uhkehjGuk;
12. jpUney;Ntyp
13. fd;dpahFkup
Nkw;gb 13 khtl;lq;fisj; jtpu (,d;iwf;Fs;s 31 khtl;lq;fspy;) kPjKs;s 17 khtl;lq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ehs; Fwpj;j tptuq;fs;-
1. ju;kGup - 2.10.1965
2. GJf;Nfhl;il - 14.1.1974
3.
Rdhkp> kio nts;sk;> neUg;G Nghd;w ,aw;if ,d;dy;fspy;y ghjpf;g;gLk; kf;fSf;F clDf;Fld; cjTk; Jiw tUtha;j;Jiw! kf;fspd; mikjpahd tho;f;iff;F cj;juthjk; mspf;ff;$ba tifapy; rl;lk; xOq;F guhkhpf;Fk; gzpapidAk; ,j;Jiw Nkw;nfhz;L tufpwJ.
kf;fs; Nritapy; tUtha;j;Jiwapd; gzp njhlu nghJkf;fs; midthpd; xj;Jiog;igAk; tuNtw;fpNwhk;!
-jkpo;ehL tUtha;j;Jiw mYtyh; rq;fk;
